The common confusing failure
A message can pass SPF and DKIM checks but still be weak from a DMARC perspective if the authenticated domains do not align with the visible From domain.
| Signal | Example evidence | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| SPF | Return-Path domain passes for esp.example.net | SPF authenticates the envelope sender. |
| DKIM | d=mailer.example.net verifies | DKIM authenticates the signer. |
| From | From: [email protected] | Visible sender is example.com. |
| DMARC | No aligned SPF or DKIM identifier | The visible domain is not authenticated. |