Authentication
35 of 100 points · 15 checks
The single largest weight in the score. SPF, DKIM and DMARC together prove the message is legitimately from your domain. Without them, mailbox providers default to skepticism — modern Gmail and Yahoo flat-out require all three for bulk senders.
Authentication is what gates inbox placement before reputation or content even matter. A failed DMARC alignment can route a perfectly legitimate transactional email straight to spam, regardless of how clean its body is.
Every check in this category
- SPF record existsA TXT record at the apex starting with v=spf1.
- SPF syntax validAll mechanisms parse cleanly with no stray tokens.
- SPF lookup countTotal DNS lookups stay under the RFC 7208 limit of 10.
- SPF policy strengthEnds in -all (hardfail) or ~all (softfail), not ?all or +all.
- SPF authorizes senderThe connecting IP is covered by the published mechanisms.
- DKIM signature presentA DKIM-Signature header is on the message.
- DKIM signature validThe signature verifies against the published public key.
- DKIM key sizePublic key is at least 1024 bits; 2048 recommended.
- DKIM selector resolvable<selector>._domainkey.<domain> returns a public key.
- DMARC record existsA _dmarc.<domain> TXT record is published.
- DMARC policyp=none, p=quarantine, or p=reject — stronger is better.
- DMARC alignmentFrom-header domain aligns with SPF and/or DKIM identifier.
- Unified auth timelineSPF, DKIM, and DMARC evidence is presented as one alignment path.
- ARC chainForwarder authentication chain is present and complete.
- BIMI record (bonus)Brand indicator with a verified mark certificate.
Common failure
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:mailgun.org include:sendgrid.net include:zoho.com include:_spf.mandrillapp.com -all
Fix
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:mailgun.org -all
Five `include:` lookups plus their nested lookups blow past the 10-query limit and trigger an SPF permerror. Drop the providers you no longer use.